Parrots (Psittacidae)
Yellow-crowned Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala) - HBW 4, p. 473
French: Amazone à front jaune
German: Gelbscheitelamazone
Spanish: Amazona Real
Other common names: Yellow-fronted Amazon/Parrot, Yellow-crowned Parrot; Yellow-headed Amazon (oratrix group); Yellow-naped Amazon (auropalliata group)
Taxonomy: Psittacus ochrocephalus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, Venezuela.
Polytypic and, in Central America, apparently polymorphic. Often broken down into three species: A. oratrix, incorporating tresmariae and belizensis; A. auropalliata, incorporating caribaea and parvipes; and A. ochrocephala incorporating panamensis, xantholaema and nattereri. However, considerable variation and overlap in characters exist in populations in and adjacent to Honduras, such that no very coherent species limits can be set at any point between oratrix to the N and panamensis to the S; possibly the c.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Psittacus ochrocephalus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, Venezuela.
Polytypic and, in Central America, apparently polymorphic. Often broken down into three species: A. oratrix, incorporating tresmariae and belizensis; A. auropalliata, incorporating caribaea and parvipes; and A. ochrocephala incorporating panamensis, xantholaema and nattereri. However, considerable variation and overlap in characters exist in populations in and adjacent to Honduras, such that no very coherent species limits can be set at any point between oratrix to the N and panamensis to the S; possibly the clearest-cut step would involve separating oratrix and tresmariae, thus transferring belizensis to the ochrocephala group. On present knowledge, entire complex is probably best regarded as a single species. Patterns of variation remain unclear and birds of extreme E Guatemala may be separable as race guatemalensis and those of NW Honduras as hondurensis; both of these forms appear closer to oratrix group than to auropalliata group. Ten subspecies currently recognized.
Polytypic and, in Central America, apparently polymorphic. Often broken down into three species: A. oratrix, incorporating tresmariae and belizensis; A. auropalliata, incorporating caribaea and parvipes; and A. ochrocephala incorporating panamensis, xantholaema and nattereri. However, considerable variation and overlap in characters exist in populations in and adjacent to Honduras, such that no very coherent species limits can be set at any point between oratrix to the N and panamensis to the S; possibly the clearest-cut step would involve separating oratrix and tresmariae, thus transferring belizensis to the ochrocephala group. On present knowledge, entire complex is probably best regarded as a single species. Patterns of variation remain unclear and birds of extreme E Guatemala may be separable as race guatemalensis and those of NW Honduras as hondurensis; both of these forms appear closer to oratrix group than to auropalliata group. Ten subspecies currently recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- tresmariae Nelson, 1900 - Tres Marías Is, off WC Mexico.
- oratrix Ridgway, 1887 - Pacific and Atlantic lowlands of Mexico.
- belizensis Monroe & Howell, 1966 - Belize.
- tresmariae Nelson, 1900 - Tres Marías Is, off WC Mexico.
- oratrix Ridgway, 1887 - Pacific and Atlantic lowlands of Mexico.
- belizensis Monroe & Howell, 1966 - Belize.
- caribaea Lousada, 1989 - Bay Is, Honduras.
- parvipes Monroe & Howell, 1966 - NE Honduras and N Nicaragua.
- auropalliata (Lesson, 1842) - S Mexico S to NW Costa Rica.
- panamensis (Cabanis, 1874) - W Panama to NW Colombia.
- ochrocephala (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) - E Colombia E through Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas to NC Brazil (Pará).
- xantholaema Berlepsch, 1913 - Marajó I, Amazon Delta, N Brazil.
- nattereri (Finsch, 1865) - S Colombia S through E Ecuador and E Peru to N Bolivia and W Brazil.
- Vulnerable Enlarge map
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A large group, mixed with Red-bellied Macaws, taking mineralss on river rocks Locality Pousada Rio Roosevelt, Rio Roosevelt, Amazonas State, Brazil (ssp nattereri)
Josep del Hoyo 8 July 2007 5 years ago 37 sec 4.8 -
Two individuals in a salt lick with Mealy Parrots and Dusky-headed Parakeets Locality Sacha Lodge, Orellana Province, Ecuador (ssp nattereri)
Josep del Hoyo 31 August 2007 4 years ago 24 sec 4.7 -
A pair in a tree, being mimicked by a human Locality Panama City, Panama Province, Panama (ssp panamensis)
Robert Schaefer 31 December 2011 1 year ago 1 min 3 sec 4.2 -
Two birds perched on a branch, one of them sleeping while the other preening. Locality Dallas World Aquarium, Dallas, Texas, USA (United States) (ssp oratrix)
Josep del Hoyo 17 June 2012 37 weeks ago 18 sec 4 -
Adult sitting on a branch and climbing Locality Belize (ssp oratrix)
Wayne Hall 3 March 2011 1 year ago 1 min 2 sec 4 -
A bird on a branch, walking Locality Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica (ssp auropalliata)
Max Roth 31 January 2004 7 years ago 14 sec 4
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Two individuals on a satellite dish.
Locality Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela (ssp ocrocephala)
philgunson 10 January 2010 3 years ago 4.3 -
A bird on recovery.
Locality Puerto Boyacá, Boyacá Department, Colombia (ssp panamensis)
mauricio rueda 16 April 2011 2 years ago 4 -
Adult bird, feral population Stuttgart, Germany
Locality Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Klaus Lachenmaier 7 January 2009 2 years ago 4 -
An individual feeding in a fruiting tree.
Locality Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela (ssp ocrocephala)
philgunson 17 January 2010 3 years ago 4 -
on a branch
Locality Puerto Boyacá, Boyacá Department, Colombia
mauricio rueda 16 April 2011 2 years ago 3.8 -
Two adults togehter, feral population, Stuttgart, Germany
Locality Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Klaus Lachenmaier 7 January 2009 2 years ago 3.8
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Calls of a bird perched. Locality Amazonia National Park, Pará State, Brazil
(ssp nattereri)
Josep del Hoyo 20 August 2010 2 years ago 4 -
A bird calling repeatedly. Locality Amazonia National Park, Pará State, Brazil
(ssp nattereri)
Josep del Hoyo 20 August 2010 2 years ago 4 -
Flight calls. Locality Pousada Rio Azul, Pará State, Brazil
(ssp nattereri)
Bradley Davis 31 July 2007 3 years ago 4 -
A bird whining. Locality Amazonia National Park, Pará State, Brazil
(ssp nattereri)
Josep del Hoyo 20 August 2010 2 years ago 3.5 -
Two birds calling from a perch on a satellite antenna. Locality Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
(ssp ochrocephala)
philgunson 26 April 2009 4 years ago 2.5
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