Tanagers (Thraupidae)

White-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus luctuosus) - HBW 16, p. 179

French: Tangara à épaulettes blanches German: Trauertangare Spanish: Tangara Luctuosa

Taxonomy: T.[achyphonus] luctuosus d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, 1837, Guarayos, Bolivia.
Recent genetic data indicate that T. cristatus and T. rufiventer are sister-species, with present species sister to both. Five subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution:

nitidissimus Salvin, 1870 - Caribbean coast from E Honduras S to NW Panama (Bocas del Toro).
axillaris (Lawrence, 1874) - Pacific coast of Costa Rica (San José) S to Panama (W Chiriquí).
panamensis Todd, 1917 - C Panama (from Coclé) E on both slopes to N Colombia and W Venezuela (Maracaibo region), and S on Pacific coast to W Ecuador and extreme NW Peru.

See all 5 subspecies

nitidissimus Salvin, 1870 - Caribbean coast from E Honduras S to NW Panama (Bocas del Toro).
axillaris (Lawrence, 1874) - Pacific coast of Costa Rica (San José) S to Panama (W Chiriquí).
panamensis Todd, 1917 - C Panama (from Coclé) E on both slopes to N Colombia and W Venezuela (Maracaibo region), and S on Pacific coast to W Ecuador and extreme NW Peru.
flaviventris (P. L. Sclater, 1856) - extreme NE Venezuela (Sucre) and Trinidad.
luctuosus d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 - E base of Andes from Venezuela (Barinas) S to N & C Bolivia, and generally from SE Colombia, S & E Venezuela (S of R Orinoco, and in Delta Amacuro and Monagas), the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil E to W Maranhão, S to Mato Grosso and W Goiás).