New World Warblers (Parulidae)
Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi) - HBW 15, p. 743
French: Paruline à joues noires
German: Elfenwaldsänger
Spanish: Parula Pitiayumí
Other common names: Olive-backed Warbler; Socorro Parula (graysoni)
Taxonomy: Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot, 1817, Paraguay.
A study of mitochondrial DNA has suggested that genus as currently constituted is not monophyletic, with present species and P. americana closer to Dendroica, and P. gutturalis and P. superciliosa closer to Vermivora. Forms a superspecies with P. americana and sometimes regarded as conspecific, but the two differ in migratory behaviour and in some plumage characters. Isolated island race graysoni sometimes considered a separate species; some authors also consider that insularis may be a separate species. Fourteen subspecies currently rec.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot, 1817, Paraguay.
A study of mitochondrial DNA has suggested that genus as currently constituted is not monophyletic, with present species and P. americana closer to Dendroica, and P. gutturalis and P. superciliosa closer to Vermivora. Forms a superspecies with P. americana and sometimes regarded as conspecific, but the two differ in migratory behaviour and in some plumage characters. Isolated island race graysoni sometimes considered a separate species; some authors also consider that insularis may be a separate species. Fourteen subspecies currently recognized.
A study of mitochondrial DNA has suggested that genus as currently constituted is not monophyletic, with present species and P. americana closer to Dendroica, and P. gutturalis and P. superciliosa closer to Vermivora. Forms a superspecies with P. americana and sometimes regarded as conspecific, but the two differ in migratory behaviour and in some plumage characters. Isolated island race graysoni sometimes considered a separate species; some authors also consider that insularis may be a separate species. Fourteen subspecies currently recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- pulchra ( Brewster, 1889) - W Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental from S Sonora and Chihuahua S to Oaxaca); northernmost breeding birds may move S locally in winter.
- nigrilora Coues, 1878 - extreme S USA (lower Rio Grande, in extreme S Texas) and E Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental from Coahuila S to E San Luis Potosí and N Veracruz).
- insularis Lawrence, 1871 - Tres Marías Is, off Nayarit (W Mexico).
- pulchra ( Brewster, 1889) - W Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental from S Sonora and Chihuahua S to Oaxaca); northernmost breeding birds may move S locally in winter.
- nigrilora Coues, 1878 - extreme S USA (lower Rio Grande, in extreme S Texas) and E Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental from Coahuila S to E San Luis Potosí and N Veracruz).
- insularis Lawrence, 1871 - Tres Marías Is, off Nayarit (W Mexico).
- graysoni ( Ridgway, 1887) - Socorro I and Revillagigedo Is, off W Mexico.
- inornata S. F. Baird, 1864 - S Mexico (S Veracruz and Chiapas) S through N Guatemala to N Honduras.
- speciosa ( Ridgway, 1902) - SE Honduras S to W Panama.
- cirrha Wetmore, 1957 - Coiba I, off S Panama.
- nana ( Griscom, 1927) - E Panama (Darién area) and adjacent NW Colombia.
- elegans ( Todd, 1912) - Andes of Colombia, N Venezuela (including Margarita I), and Trinidad and Tobago.
- roraimae ( Chapman, 1929) - S Venezuela (tepuis region), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and adjacent N Brazil.
- pacifica Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1885 - Pacific slope of Andes from SW Colombia (Nariño) S to NW Peru (Cajamarca).
- alarum ( Chapman, 1924) - E Ecuador and N Peru (W of Amazon Basin).
- melanogenys (Todd, 1924) - Andes of C Peru (Junín) S to W Bolivia (La Paz and Cochachamba).
- pitiayumi ( Vieillot, 1817) - C & E Brazil S to E Bolivia, N & NE Argentina and Uruguay.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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A bird drinking drops of sugar released from the tree. Locality Limon Canyon, Olmos, Lambayeque Department, Peru (ssp pacifica )
Yoel Jimenez 20 November 2012 17 weeks ago 24 sec 4.7 -
foraging and feeding Locality Limon Canyon, Olmos, Lambayeque Department, Peru (ssp pacifica)
Daniêl Jimenez 21 November 2012 8 weeks ago 51 sec 4.6 -
A bird feeding in a tree Locality Camiri, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia (ssp pitiayumi)
Josep del Hoyo 11 August 2005 7 years ago 30 sec 3.4 -
A bird foraging through a tree. Locality Limon Canyon, Olmos, Lambayeque Department, Peru (ssp pacifica)
Yoel Jimenez 20 November 2012 10 weeks ago 25 sec 3.2
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Mariquita
Locality São Vicente, São Paulo State, Brazil
Lindolfo Souto 10 April 2012 1 year ago 4.5 -
adult male
Locality Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Silvia Vitale 20 September 2008 2 years ago 4.2 -
One adult bird perched.
Locality Ilha do Cardoso, Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil
Carlos Gussoni 22 October 2011 1 year ago 3.7 -
Male perched on a twig.
Locality Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Santiago Meligeni Lozano 25 March 2010 3 years ago 3.3 -
Bird perched on the tree near the lagoon.
Locality Laguna del Diario, Maldonado, Maldonado Department, Uruguay
Antonio Silveira 19 April 2013 4 weeks ago ADDED LAST MONTH 3.3 -
Bird in the natural forest.
Locality Las Cumbres de Punta Ballena, Maldonado Department, Uruguay
Antonio Silveira 18 April 2013 4 weeks ago ADDED LAST MONTH 3.3
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Song Locality Estancia El Bagual, Formosa Province, Argentina
Nacho Areta 1 December 2006 3 years ago 3
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