New World Warblers (Parulidae)

Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi) - HBW 15, p. 743

French: Paruline à joues noires German: Elfenwaldsänger Spanish: Parula Pitiayumí
Other common names: Olive-backed Warbler; Socorro Parula (graysoni)

Taxonomy: Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot, 1817, Paraguay.
A study of mitochondrial DNA has suggested that genus as currently constituted is not monophyletic, with present species and P. americana closer to Dendroica, and P. gutturalis and P. superciliosa closer to Vermivora. Forms a superspecies with P. americana and sometimes regarded as conspecific, but the two differ in migratory behaviour and in some plumage characters. Isolated island race graysoni sometimes considered a separate species; some authors also consider that insularis may be a separate species. Fourteen subspecies currently rec.. View all taxonomy...

Subspecies and Distribution:

pulchra ( Brewster, 1889) - W Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental from S Sonora and Chihuahua S to Oaxaca); northernmost breeding birds may move S locally in winter.
nigrilora Coues, 1878 - extreme S USA (lower Rio Grande, in extreme S Texas) and E Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental from Coahuila S to E San Luis Potosí and N Veracruz).
insularis Lawrence, 1871 - Tres Marías Is, off Nayarit (W Mexico).

See all 14 subspecies

pulchra ( Brewster, 1889) - W Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental from S Sonora and Chihuahua S to Oaxaca); northernmost breeding birds may move S locally in winter.
nigrilora Coues, 1878 - extreme S USA (lower Rio Grande, in extreme S Texas) and E Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental from Coahuila S to E San Luis Potosí and N Veracruz).
insularis Lawrence, 1871 - Tres Marías Is, off Nayarit (W Mexico).
graysoni ( Ridgway, 1887) - Socorro I and Revillagigedo Is, off W Mexico.
inornata S. F. Baird, 1864 - S Mexico (S Veracruz and Chiapas) S through N Guatemala to N Honduras.
speciosa ( Ridgway, 1902) - SE Honduras S to W Panama.
cirrha Wetmore, 1957 - Coiba I, off S Panama.
nana ( Griscom, 1927) - E Panama (Darién area) and adjacent NW Colombia.
elegans ( Todd, 1912) - Andes of Colombia, N Venezuela (including Margarita I), and Trinidad and Tobago.
roraimae ( Chapman, 1929) - S Venezuela (tepuis region), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and adjacent N Brazil.
pacifica Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1885 - Pacific slope of Andes from SW Colombia (Nariño) S to NW Peru (Cajamarca).
alarum ( Chapman, 1924) - E Ecuador and N Peru (W of Amazon Basin).
melanogenys (Todd, 1924) - Andes of C Peru (Junín) S to W Bolivia (La Paz and Cochachamba).
pitiayumi ( Vieillot, 1817) - C & E Brazil S to E Bolivia, N & NE Argentina and Uruguay.