Manakins (Pipridae)

Thrush-like Mourner (Schiffornis turdina) - HBW 9, p. 168

French: Antriade turdoïde German: Brauntrauerkotinga Spanish: Llorón Turdino
Other common names: Thrush-like Manakin/Schiffornis; Brown Mourner/Manakin/Schiffornis (veraepacis)

Taxonomy: Muscicapa turdina Wied, 1831, Bahia, Brazil.
Systematic position of genus uncertain. Analysis of 19 characters, mostly anatomical, suggested that it is a member of a monophyletic assemblage of six superficially very diverse genera currently divided among Cotingidae, Tyrannidae and the present family; also, recent analyses of genetic data resulted in its grouping with the genera Pachyramphus and Tityra (both at present provisionally placed in Tyrannidae) in a “tityrine clade”; traditional placement in present family almost certainly inappropriate, but retained pending further study. Present species forms a superspecies .. View all taxonomy...

Taxonomy: Muscicapa turdina Wied, 1831, Bahia, Brazil.
Systematic position of genus uncertain. Analysis of 19 characters, mostly anatomical, suggested that it is a member of a monophyletic assemblage of six superficially very diverse genera currently divided among Cotingidae, Tyrannidae and the present family; also, recent analyses of genetic data resulted in its grouping with the genera Pachyramphus and Tityra (both at present provisionally placed in Tyrannidae) in a “tityrine clade”; traditional placement in present family almost certainly inappropriate, but retained pending further study. Present species forms a superspecies with S. virescens. Geographical variation involves both plumage and voice; pale and dark forms, as well as upland and lowland ones, occur, and situation especially complex in NW South America and adjacent Panama; possible taxonomic significance of vocal differences not understood; races probably constitute more than one species, but critical studies not yet undertaken. Thirteen subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution:

  • veraepacis (P. L. Sclater & Salvin, 1860) - Caribbean slope from SE Mexico S to Nicaragua, and both slopes in Costa Rica.
  • dumicola (Bangs, 1903) - W & C Panama.
  • panamensis Hellmayr, 1929 - lowlands of C & E Panama and NW Colombia (N Chocó, W Córdoba).

     See all 13 subspecies
  • veraepacis (P. L. Sclater & Salvin, 1860) - Caribbean slope from SE Mexico S to Nicaragua, and both slopes in Costa Rica.
  • dumicola (Bangs, 1903) - W & C Panama.
  • panamensis Hellmayr, 1929 - lowlands of C & E Panama and NW Colombia (N Chocó, W Córdoba).
  • acrolophites Wetmore, 1972 - extreme E Panama (Cerro Tacarcuna) and adjacent highland areas of NW Colombia.
  • rosenbergi (Hartert, 1898) - Pacific slope from W Colombia S to extreme NW Peru (Tumbes).
  • stenorhyncha (P. L. Sclater & Salvin, 1869) - N & NE Colombia and N Venezuela (Zulia E to Aragua).
  • olivacea (Ridgway, 1906) - SE Venezuela and Guyana.
  • aenea J. T. Zimmer, 1936 - E slope of E Andes in Ecuador and adjacent N Peru.
  • amazona (P. L. Sclater, 1861) - lowlands from extreme E Colombia and S Venezuela S to E Ecuador, E Peru and NW & W Brazil (E to R Negro and NW Mato Grosso).
  • wallacii (P. L. Sclater & Salvin, 1867) - Surinam, French Guiana and E Amazonian Brazil (lower R Negro E to Amapá and, S of Amazon, from R Tapajós and lower R Teles Pires E to Maranhão).
  • steinbachi Todd, 1928 - SE Peru and N Bolivia.
  • intermedia Pinto, 1954 - E Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas).
  • turdina (Wied, 1831) - SE Brazil (S Bahia S to Espírito Santo).