Ovenbirds (Furnariidae)
Rusty-backed Spinetail (Cranioleuca vulpina) - HBW 8, p. 291
French: Synallaxe renard
German: Rötlichbrauner Buschschlüpfer
Spanish: Curutié Vulpino
Other common names: Coiba Spinetail (dissita)
Taxonomy: Synallaxis vulpina Pelzeln, 1856, Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Almost certainly the sister-species to C. vulpecula; formerly considered conspecific, but they are locally syntopic and widely sympatric, and field experiments strongly suggest reproductive isolation created by differences in songs. Relationships of the two to congeners uncertain; they differ vocally from all others. Isolated race dissita, with distinctive voice and habitat preferences, may well be a separate species, but no convincing analysis yet published. Amazonian populations vary clinally in coloration of back and underparts; in N Brazil, proposed races alopecias (f.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Synallaxis vulpina Pelzeln, 1856, Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Almost certainly the sister-species to C. vulpecula; formerly considered conspecific, but they are locally syntopic and widely sympatric, and field experiments strongly suggest reproductive isolation created by differences in songs. Relationships of the two to congeners uncertain; they differ vocally from all others. Isolated race dissita, with distinctive voice and habitat preferences, may well be a separate species, but no convincing analysis yet published. Amazonian populations vary clinally in coloration of back and underparts; in N Brazil, proposed races alopecias (from R Branco) and solimonensis (lower R Solimões) described on basis of less rufescent back and more ochraceous underparts, but considered indistinguishable from nominate. Sight records from NC Bolivia (S Beni) presumed to be referable to race foxi. Five subspecies recognized.
Almost certainly the sister-species to C. vulpecula; formerly considered conspecific, but they are locally syntopic and widely sympatric, and field experiments strongly suggest reproductive isolation created by differences in songs. Relationships of the two to congeners uncertain; they differ vocally from all others. Isolated race dissita, with distinctive voice and habitat preferences, may well be a separate species, but no convincing analysis yet published. Amazonian populations vary clinally in coloration of back and underparts; in N Brazil, proposed races alopecias (from R Branco) and solimonensis (lower R Solimões) described on basis of less rufescent back and more ochraceous underparts, but considered indistinguishable from nominate. Sight records from NC Bolivia (S Beni) presumed to be referable to race foxi. Five subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- dissita (Wetmore, 1957) - Coiba I (Panama).
- apurensis J. T. Zimmer & Phelps, Sr., 1948 - W Venezuela (W Apure).
- vulpina (Pelzeln, 1856) - NE Colombia (E Boyacá S to Meta and E to Vichada), C & S Venezuela (Portuguesa, SW Guárico, E Apure, N Amazonas, and along R Orinoco in Bolívar E to Delta Amacuro), W Guyana, N & C Brazil (along R Amazon from extreme W Amazonas, and R Branco and lower R Negro, E to E Pará, and from lower R Madeira E & S to Mato Grosso, Goiás and W São Paulo) and extreme E Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz).
- dissita (Wetmore, 1957) - Coiba I (Panama).
- apurensis J. T. Zimmer & Phelps, Sr., 1948 - W Venezuela (W Apure).
- vulpina (Pelzeln, 1856) - NE Colombia (E Boyacá S to Meta and E to Vichada), C & S Venezuela (Portuguesa, SW Guárico, E Apure, N Amazonas, and along R Orinoco in Bolívar E to Delta Amacuro), W Guyana, N & C Brazil (along R Amazon from extreme W Amazonas, and R Branco and lower R Negro, E to E Pará, and from lower R Madeira E & S to Mato Grosso, Goiás and W São Paulo) and extreme E Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz).
- foxi Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 - C Bolivia (E Cochabamba; sight records also from S Beni).
- reiseri (Reichenberger, 1922) - NE Brazil (Piauí, W Pernambuco, W Bahia).
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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Two birds reacting noisily to a tape. Locality Emas National Park, Goiás State, Brazil (ssp vulpina)
Paul Clarke 25 August 2008 2 years ago 25 sec 4 -
A bird in a bush besides a stream. Locality Río Negro, Beni Department, Bolivia (ssp foxi)
Josep del Hoyo 31 August 2005 5 years ago 29 sec 3.7 -
an individual perched close to water level in riverine forest Locality Delta Amacuro, Venezuela (ssp alopecias)
DAVID ASCANIO 18 April 2008 45 weeks ago 5 sec 3.3 -
A slow motion view of a bird perched and then moving to another tree Locality Emas National Park, Goiás State, Brazil (ssp vulpina)
Josep del Hoyo 11 January 2005 4 years ago 15 sec 2.6 -
A bird in the reeds flying away. Locality Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil
Yoel Jimenez 26 November 2006 32 weeks ago 13 sec 2.4
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A bird in a branch.
Locality Bom Jesus da Lapa, Bahia State, Brazil (ssp reiseri)
Ciro Albano 16 October 2009 2 years ago 3.3 -
One adult bird (Sítio Pascon).
Locality Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil
Carlos Gussoni 16 September 2011 21 weeks ago 3.2 -
An adult male in the vegetation on the banks of a river.
Locality Embiara Lodge, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (ssp vulpina)
Carmelo López 12 November 2011 2 weeks ago ADDED LAST MONTH 2.8 -
Rear view of an adult male, in a strange position of his possible defense display.
Locality Embiara Lodge, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (ssp vulpina)
Carmelo López 12 November 2011 2 weeks ago ADDED LAST MONTH 2.6
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A pair. Locality Pium, Tocantins State, Brazil
(ssp vulpina)
Ciro Albano 6 July 2008 2 years ago 4.5
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