Orange-bellied Flowerpecker (Dicaeum trigonostigma)

Taxonomy: Certhia trigonostigma Scopoli,1786. China [i.e. Malaysia] = Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia.
Tongue morphology similar to that of D. erythrothorax, D. pygmaeum, D. aeneum, D. sanguinolentum and D. cruentatum, although one specimen exhibits a unique variation. Geographical variation considerable, some of it well marked. Races fall into two groups, “dorsale group” in Philippines and “nominate group” in rest of range; former can be divided into four subgroups, namely “dorsale subgroup” (from Luzon to W Visayan Is, excluding islands in Sibuyan Sea), “sibuyanicum subgroup” (islands in Sibuyan Sea), “cinereigulare subgroup” (E Visayan Is S to Mindanao), and “sibutuense subgroup” (Sulu Archipelago). Nominate race intergrades with rubropygium in S peninsular Thailand. Race cnecolaemum doubtfully distinct from intermedium, and antioproctum possibly better subsumed in nominate. Other proposed races are croceoventre (described from Sumatra), melanthe (Lasia I, off NW Sumatra), lyprum (Nias I, off W Sumatra), tanamassae (Tanahmasa, in Batu Is, off W Sumatra), pagense (South Pagai I, off W Sumatra) and hypochloum (Siantan, in Anamba Is, E of Peninsular Malaysia), all synonymized with nominate, and hanadori (Siasi, in Sulu Archipelago), merged with assimile. Seventeen subspecies currently recognized.