Tyrant-flycatchers (Tyrannidae)
Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savana) - HBW 9, p. 425
French: Tyran des savanes
German: Gabelschwanz-Königstyrann
Spanish: Tijereta Sabanera
Taxonomy: Tyrannus savana Vieillot, 1808, Surinam.
Closest relatives of genus may be Empidonomus and Tyrannopsis; recent molecular-sequence data indicate present genus is monophyletic and sister-group to clade that includes Empidonomus and Griseotyrannus; two main clades within genus, loosely corresponding to “tropical species assemblage” and combination of “W” & “E” species groups of earlier authors, but with some exceptions. Present species long considered closest relative of T. forficatus, mainly due to tail-streamers, and both previously separated in subgenus Muscivora (and earlier.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Tyrannus savana Vieillot, 1808, Surinam.
Closest relatives of genus may be Empidonomus and Tyrannopsis; recent molecular-sequence data indicate present genus is monophyletic and sister-group to clade that includes Empidonomus and Griseotyrannus; two main clades within genus, loosely corresponding to “tropical species assemblage” and combination of “W” & “E” species groups of earlier authors, but with some exceptions. Present species long considered closest relative of T. forficatus, mainly due to tail-streamers, and both previously separated in subgenus Muscivora (and earlier in genus Milvulus); affinity not supported by molecular-sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that it belongs to a clade within the “tropical species assemblage” that also includes T. albogularis and T. couchii, although relationships among these three species remain uncertain. Four subspecies currently recognized.
Closest relatives of genus may be Empidonomus and Tyrannopsis; recent molecular-sequence data indicate present genus is monophyletic and sister-group to clade that includes Empidonomus and Griseotyrannus; two main clades within genus, loosely corresponding to “tropical species assemblage” and combination of “W” & “E” species groups of earlier authors, but with some exceptions. Present species long considered closest relative of T. forficatus, mainly due to tail-streamers, and both previously separated in subgenus Muscivora (and earlier in genus Milvulus); affinity not supported by molecular-sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that it belongs to a clade within the “tropical species assemblage” that also includes T. albogularis and T. couchii, although relationships among these three species remain uncertain. Four subspecies currently recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- monachus Hartlaub, 1844 - S Mexico (C & S Veracruz, N Oaxaca, NE Chiapas, Tabasco, SW Campeche) S to Colombia (except N, but generally E of Andes S to Meta and Vichada) and much of Venezuela (E to Orinoco Delta, S to N Amazonas and N Bolívar, and several offshore islands); also S Surinam (Sipaliwini) and NC Brazil (Roraima, lower R Negro, perhaps Amapá).
- sanctaemartae (J. T. Zimmer, 1937) - N Colombia (Caribbean coastal region and Santa Marta Mts area) and extreme NW Venezuela (NW Zulia).
- circumdatus (J. T. Zimmer, 1937) - N Brazil in E Amazonas (occasionally W to Manaus) and Pará and Amapá (S bank R Amazonas, islands near Santarém, and both banks of R Tapajós).
- savana Vieillot, 1808 - C, S & SE Brazil (Rondônia and S Mato Grosso E to Tocantins and S Piauí, S to Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janerio and Rio Grande do Sul), N & E Boliva, Paraguay, Argentina (S to Río Negro, occasionally to NE Chubut and even Patagonia) and Uruguay.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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A bird perched on a little bush Locality Las Barrancas, Veracruz State, Mexico (Southern) (ssp monachus)
Josep del Hoyo 8 October 2006 4 years ago 30 sec 4.4 -
A bird on a fence wire and flying away Locality Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (ssp savana)
Josep del Hoyo 8 January 2005 5 years ago 33 sec 4.3 -
A bird on the ground, trying to pick up a long grass Locality Las Barrancas, Veracruz State, Mexico (Southern) (ssp monachus)
Josep del Hoyo 8 October 2006 4 years ago 26 sec 4.2 -
A ventral view of a perched bird, eventually flying away. Locality Paramaribo, Paramaribo District, Suriname (ssp savana)
Pieter de Groot Boersma 16 July 2011 25 weeks ago 17 sec 4 -
A bird on a fence wire with its crest somewhat visible Locality Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (ssp savana)
Josep del Hoyo 8 January 2005 5 years ago 35 sec 4 -
A close-up of a bird on a fence wire in the rain, then flying away Locality Las Barrancas, Veracruz State, Mexico (Southern) (ssp monachus)
Josep del Hoyo 8 October 2006 4 years ago 29 sec 3.9
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This bird was perched in a small tree.
Locality Panama City, Panama Province, Panama
Dannie Polley 16 November 2010 1 year ago 4.6 -
A bird perched on a fence wire.
Locality Esteros del Iberá, Corrientes Province, Argentina (ssp savana)
Carmelo López 1 November 2011 20 weeks ago 4.3 -
Two young of Tyrannus savana
Locality Lomas de Arena Reserve, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia
vanesa bejarano alegre 15 January 2010 2 years ago 4.3 -
An adult male with a very long tail perched on a branch of a small tree.
Locality Puerto Píritu, Anzoátegui State, Venezuela (ssp savana)
Eduardo López 27 September 2008 3 years ago 4.2 -
Adult with prey.
Locality Rahamut Trace, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
fayardmohammed 6 November 2011 29 weeks ago 4 -
Male
Locality Hacienda La Zuliana, Campo Boscán, Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela
kperezleon 26 April 2009 3 years ago 4
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song Locality Cunha, São Paulo State, Brazil
(ssp savana)
Jeremy Minns 31 December 2002 2 years ago 0
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