Old World Sparrows (Passeridae)
Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) - HBW 14, p. 804
French: Moineau friquet
German:
Spanish: Gorrión Molinero
Other common names: (European) Tree Sparrow
Taxonomy: Fringilla montana Linnaeus, 1758, "in Europa" = northern Italy.
Probably evolved from a sparrow population that was isolated in Yellow R valley (China), which remained free of ice, during last glaciation of Pleistocene (25,000-15,000 years ago). Not infrequently hybridizes with P. domesticus where one of the two species is rare and presumably has difficulty in finding mate of own species; hybrids with P. hispaniolensis also reported. Race iubilaeus is sometimes treated as synonym of saturatus and obscuratus as synonym of dilutus. Proposed race zaissanensis (from Kara Irtysh, in extreme E Kazakhstan) subsume.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Fringilla montana Linnaeus, 1758, "in Europa" = northern Italy.
Probably evolved from a sparrow population that was isolated in Yellow R valley (China), which remained free of ice, during last glaciation of Pleistocene (25,000-15,000 years ago). Not infrequently hybridizes with P. domesticus where one of the two species is rare and presumably has difficulty in finding mate of own species; hybrids with P. hispaniolensis also reported. Race iubilaeus is sometimes treated as synonym of saturatus and obscuratus as synonym of dilutus. Proposed race zaissanensis (from Kara Irtysh, in extreme E Kazakhstan) subsumed into dilutus, and hepaticus (from Mishmi Hills, in NW Asssam, in NE India) synonymized with malaccensis. Ten subspecies recognized.
Probably evolved from a sparrow population that was isolated in Yellow R valley (China), which remained free of ice, during last glaciation of Pleistocene (25,000-15,000 years ago). Not infrequently hybridizes with P. domesticus where one of the two species is rare and presumably has difficulty in finding mate of own species; hybrids with P. hispaniolensis also reported. Race iubilaeus is sometimes treated as synonym of saturatus and obscuratus as synonym of dilutus. Proposed race zaissanensis (from Kara Irtysh, in extreme E Kazakhstan) subsumed into dilutus, and hepaticus (from Mishmi Hills, in NW Asssam, in NE India) synonymized with malaccensis. Ten subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- montanus ( Linnaeus, 1758) - from Europe E through NC Asia to Kamchatka and Commander Is, S to Mediterranean islands, Turkey, N Kazakhstan, NE Mongolia and NE China (N Inner Mongolia).
- transcaucasicus Buturlin, 1906 - E Asia Minor and Caucasus region S to Armenia and E to N Iran (N of Elburz Mts).
- dilutus Richmond, 1896 - Caspian Sea E to S Kazakhstan, NW China and W & S Mongolia.
- montanus ( Linnaeus, 1758) - from Europe E through NC Asia to Kamchatka and Commander Is, S to Mediterranean islands, Turkey, N Kazakhstan, NE Mongolia and NE China (N Inner Mongolia).
- transcaucasicus Buturlin, 1906 - E Asia Minor and Caucasus region S to Armenia and E to N Iran (N of Elburz Mts).
- dilutus Richmond, 1896 - Caspian Sea E to S Kazakhstan, NW China and W & S Mongolia.
- kansuensis Stresemann, 1932 - N Gansu and Tsaidam Basin, in N China.
- tibetanus Stuart Baker, 1925 - S & E Tibetan Plateau and C China (E to SE Qinghai and W Sichuan).
- dybowskii Domaniewski, 1915 - E Asia from extreme SE Russia (lower R Amur) S to NE China (E Inner Mongolia and Liaoning) and N Korea.
- iubilaeus Reichenow, 1907 - E China from Beijing S to E Sichuan and lower R Yangtze.
- obscuratus Jacobi, 1923 - Nepal E to NE India.
- malaccensis A. J. C. Dubois, 1885 - SE Asia from Myanmar E to Indochina and SE China (including Hainan), S to Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, S Philippines, Sulawesi and Lesser Sundas.
- saturatus Stejneger, 1885 - Sakhalin I, S Kurils, Japan, S Korea, Ryukyu Is, Taiwan, Philippines, N Borneo and N Indonesian islands.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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A bird feeding on the ground Locality Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona Province, Catalonia, Spain (ssp montanus)
Pere Sugranyes 31 March 2006 4 years ago 13 sec 4.5 -
The two members of a pair feeding the chicks and cleaning the nest box Locality Lynx Garden, Bellaterra, Barcelona Province, Catalonia, Spain (ssp montanus)
Josep del Hoyo 17 June 2005 6 years ago 51 sec 4.4 -
A bird perched on a ship. Locality Choshi, Chiba Prefecture, Honshu, Japan (ssp montanus)
Josep del Hoyo 22 January 2010 1 year ago 24 sec 4.3 -
adult seek for food Locality De Glind, Barneveld, Gelderland Province, Netherlands (Monotypic species)
Wout van den Brink 3 March 2006 2 years ago 18 sec 4.3 -
A bird feeding in a buckthorn Locality Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona Province, Catalonia, Spain (ssp montanus)
Pere Sugranyes 31 July 2007 4 years ago 30 sec 4.3 -
An adult on a wire, with food in its beak. Locality Gaivoron, Khanka Lake, Primorsky Krai, Eastern Russia, Russia (ssp dybowskii)
Josep del Hoyo 8 June 2009 1 year ago 28 sec 4.3
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Eurasian Tree Sparrow and Marmalade Hoverfly.
Locality Mlýnec, Jičín District, Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic
Karel Novotný 12 August 2009 1 year ago 4.8 -
Tree Sparrow
Locality Fairburn Ings RSPB Nature Reserve, West Yorkshire, Yorkshire, England, Great Britain
Kevin B Agar 24 September 2011 17 weeks ago 4.4 -
hiding among thorny bush
Locality Bialowieza Forest, Podlaskie Province, Poland
Marco Valentini 25 April 2011 12 weeks ago 4.2 -
Close-up of one bird
Locality Tokyo, Honshu, Japan
Rémi Bigonneau 26 December 2011 4 weeks ago 4.1 -
One bird on a branch
Locality Tokyo, Honshu, Japan
Rémi Bigonneau 26 December 2011 4 weeks ago 4 -
One adult bathing in the dirt
Locality Tokyo, Honshu, Japan
Rémi Bigonneau 23 December 2011 6 weeks ago 4
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Calls of a small group Locality Beddington Farm, London, England, Great Britain
(ssp montanus)
Stuart Fisher 21 March 2006 2 years ago 3.5 -
Calls of a small group of adults and juveniles Locality Columbretes Islands, Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain
(ssp montanus)
Carlos Fabregat 23 February 2011 49 weeks ago 2 -
Flock of birds calling. Locality Bulgaria
(ssp montanus)
Iva Hristova 23 December 2006 2 years ago 1.5
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