Buntings and New World Sparrows (Emberizidae)
Crimson-fronted Cardinal (Paroaria baeri) - HBW 16, p. 643
French: Paroare de Baer
German: Blutstirnkardinal
Spanish: Cardenilla Frentirroja
Other common names: Xingu Cardinal (xinguensis)
Taxonomy: Paroaria baeri Hellmayr, 1907, River Araguaya, Goiás, Brazil.
Recent molecular-genetic research indicates that genus belongs in the tanager family (Thraupidae), forming a clade with, among others, Cissopis and Schistochlamys; curiously, members of latter two genera are similar in some plumage features and in bill shape to some members of present genus. This species may form a superspecies with P. nigrogenis, P. gularis and P. capitata (all four have sometimes been placed in a separate genus, Coccopsis). Individual with plumage intermediate between this species and P. gularis photographed in Barreira do Cam.. View all taxonomy...
Recent molecular-genetic research indicates that genus belongs in the tanager family (Thraupidae), forming a clade with, among others, Cissopis and Schistochlamys; curiously, members of latter two genera are similar in some plumage features and in bill shape to some members of present genus. This species may form a superspecies with P. nigrogenis, P. gularis and P. capitata (all four have sometimes been placed in a separate genus, Coccopsis). Individual with plumage intermediate between this species and P. gularis photographed in Barreira do Campo, in Pará, suggesting rare instance of naturally occurring hybridization; this putative hybrid resembles P. nigrogenis. Has been proposed that race xinguensis merits elevation to full species rank, but available evidence thus far inconclusive; further research needed. Two subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- xinguensis Sick, 1950 - upper R Xingu (S Pará and N Mato Grosso), in EC Brazil.
- baeri Hellmayr, 1907 - NE Mato Grosso, W Tocantins and W Goiás, in EC Brazil.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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An adult moving in river's edge vegetation, repeated at slow motion (33%). Locality Canguçu Research Centre, Pium, Tocantins State, Brazil (ssp baeri)
Josep del Hoyo 4 August 2011 1 year ago 44 sec 4 -
Two adults foraging in river's edge vegetation. Locality Pium, Tocantins State, Brazil (ssp baeri)
Josep del Hoyo 5 August 2011 1 year ago 48 sec 3.8 -
A juvenile changing perch while calling. Locality Fazenda Praia Alta, Tocantins State, Brazil
Josep del Hoyo 4 August 2011 1 year ago 22 sec 3.7 -
An adult bird foraging in bushes, at the river's edge. Locality Fazenda Praia Alta, Tocantins State, Brazil
Josep del Hoyo 4 August 2011 1 year ago 16 sec 3.3 -
An adult bird looking for food in a tree and flying away. Locality Fazenda Praia Alta, Tocantins State, Brazil
Josep del Hoyo 4 August 2011 1 year ago 17 sec 3
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An adult attending rice feeders at the Pousada Kuryala on the west bank of the Araguaia river.
Locality Pousada Kuryala, Sao Felix do Araguaia, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (ssp baeri)
Bradley Davis 29 November 2008 3 years ago 4.2 -
A juvenile perched in a tree.
Locality Fazenda Praia Alta, Tocantins State, Brazil
Josep del Hoyo 4 August 2011 49 weeks ago 3 -
An adult perched in a tree.
Locality Canguçu Research Centre, Pium, Tocantins State, Brazil (ssp baeri)
Josep del Hoyo 5 August 2011 49 weeks ago 2.8
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Calls by a juvenile bird. Locality Fazenda Praia Alta, Tocantins State, Brazil
Josep del Hoyo 4 August 2011 1 year ago 4
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