Waxbills (Estrildidae)
Common Waxbill (Estrilda astrild) - HBW 15, p. 317
French: Astrild ondulé
German: Wellenastrild
Spanish: Estrilda Común
Other common names: Brown/Barred Waxbill, St Helena Waxbill; Black-lored/Black-faced(!)/Kiabo Waxbill (nigriloris)
Taxonomy: Loxia Astrild Linnaeus, 1758, "Canaries, America, Africa" = Cape Town, South Africa.
Distinctive black-faced race nigriloris sometimes considered a separate species, morphologically distinct from other races and not overlapping them in range; in recent studies of mitochondrial phylogeny, however, nigriloris found to be embedded in single clade with all other races, and to be genetically nearly identical to adesma and cavendishi (which it replaces along R Lualaba), and slightly more different from rubriventris and occidentalis. Other proposed races include sousae (described from São Tomé, where species introduced),.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Loxia Astrild Linnaeus, 1758, "Canaries, America, Africa" = Cape Town, South Africa.
Distinctive black-faced race nigriloris sometimes considered a separate species, morphologically distinct from other races and not overlapping them in range; in recent studies of mitochondrial phylogeny, however, nigriloris found to be embedded in single clade with all other races, and to be genetically nearly identical to adesma and cavendishi (which it replaces along R Lualaba), and slightly more different from rubriventris and occidentalis. Other proposed races include sousae (described from São Tomé, where species introduced), treated as synonym of jagoensis; schoutedeni (from Mbuji-Mayi, capital of Kasai-Oriental, in SC DRCongo), synonymized with cavendishi; and ngamiensis (from Shorobe, in NW Botswana), synonymized with niediecki. Race adesma sometimes listed as nyansae, but under the ICZN Code this name is permanently invalid, having been replaced due to secondary homonymy prior to 1960. Sixteen subspecies currently recognized.
Distinctive black-faced race nigriloris sometimes considered a separate species, morphologically distinct from other races and not overlapping them in range; in recent studies of mitochondrial phylogeny, however, nigriloris found to be embedded in single clade with all other races, and to be genetically nearly identical to adesma and cavendishi (which it replaces along R Lualaba), and slightly more different from rubriventris and occidentalis. Other proposed races include sousae (described from São Tomé, where species introduced), treated as synonym of jagoensis; schoutedeni (from Mbuji-Mayi, capital of Kasai-Oriental, in SC DRCongo), synonymized with cavendishi; and ngamiensis (from Shorobe, in NW Botswana), synonymized with niediecki. Race adesma sometimes listed as nyansae, but under the ICZN Code this name is permanently invalid, having been replaced due to secondary homonymy prior to 1960. Sixteen subspecies currently recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- kempi Bates, 1930 - W Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
- occidentalis Jardine & Fraser, 1851 - S Mali, Ivory Coast, Bioko I (Fernando Póo), and Nigeria E to N DRCongo.
- macmillani Ogilvie-Grant, 1907 - S Sudan.
- kempi Bates, 1930 - W Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
- occidentalis Jardine & Fraser, 1851 - S Mali, Ivory Coast, Bioko I (Fernando Póo), and Nigeria E to N DRCongo.
- macmillani Ogilvie-Grant, 1907 - S Sudan.
- peasei Shelley, 1903 - Ethiopia.
- rubriventris ( Vieillot, 1823) - coastal Gabon S to NW Angola.
- adesma Reichenow, 1916 - E DRCongo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and NW Tanzania.
- massaica Neumann, 1907 - C Kenya S to N Tanzania.
- minor ( Cabanis, 1878) - S Somalia, E Kenya, NE Tanzania, and Zanzibar I.
- nigriloris Chapin, 1928 - upper R Lualaba and L Upemba, in SE DRCongo.
- cavendishi Sharpe, 1900 - SE DRCongo (except L Upemba area) and S Tanzania S to Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.
- jagoensis Alexander, 1898 - coastal W Angola.
- angolensis Reichenow, 1902 - W Angola (except coast).
- niediecki Reichenow, 1916 - C Angola E to SW Zambia, N Botswana and W Zimbabwe.
- damarensis Reichenow, 1902 - Namibia.
- astrild ( Linnaeus, 1758) - S Botswana, and W & S South Africa (North West Province S to Western Cape and Free State).
- tenebridorsa Clancey, 1957 - N & E South Africa (Limpopo S to Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal) and W Swaziland.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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Two birds foraging on the grass. Locality Riviere Salée, Nouméa, South Province, New Caledonia
Josep del Hoyo 28 October 2010 2 years ago 23 sec 4.3 -
A perched bird flying away Locality Rubondo, Uganda (ssp peasei)
Josep del Hoyo 11 September 2006 6 years ago 5 sec 4.2 -
Bathing Locality Queen Kapi'olani Park, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands (ssp Introduced sp)
Joe Angseesing 24 September 2010 30 weeks ago 27 sec 4 -
Adults perched Locality Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa (ssp astrild)
Greg Baker 23 September 2002 42 weeks ago 15 sec 4 -
A bird feeding on the high grass. Locality Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
Jeremiusz Trzaska 27 March 2010 3 years ago 26 sec 4 -
A group of birds feeding on the grass Locality Hawaii Kai, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands
Curt Kessler 30 September 2006 5 years ago 18 sec 3.9
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Biquinho de lacre
Locality São Vicente, São Paulo State, Brazil
Lindolfo Souto 18 February 2011 38 weeks ago 4.3 -
A pair of birds in a love sceene
Locality Lisbon Region, Portugal
Jose Viana 28 September 2005 3 years ago 4.3 -
A bird foraging for seeds on a lawn
Locality Oahu, Hawaiian Islands
Evan Buck 21 June 2012 13 weeks ago 4.2 -
In the brush outside the Protea Hotel
Locality Walvis Bay, Erongo Region, Namibia (ssp damarensis)
Lee Hunter 28 July 2010 19 weeks ago 4 -
probably ssp minor, perched.
Locality Girona Province, Catalonia, Spain
Fran Trabalon 11 October 2012 33 weeks ago 4 -
on the ground
Locality Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
Georges Olioso 19 January 2007 4 years ago 4
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Band. Locality Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Noé Eiterer 12 October 2012 1 week ago ADDED LAST MONTH 4 -
Singing in a small tree Locality Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia
Joe Angseesing 10 February 2009 3 years ago 3.5
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