Swallows and Martins (Hirundinidae)
Collared Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) - HBW 9, p. 647
French: Hirondelle de rivage
German: Uferschwalbe
Spanish: Avión Zapador
Other common names: Common/European/Gorgeted Sand Martin; Bank Swallow (America)
Taxonomy: Hirundo riparia Linnaeus, 1758, Europe = Sweden.
Forms a superspecies with R. paludicola, R. congica and R. diluta. Until recently considered conspecific with last, but the two differ in plumage and voice, and occur in separate breeding colonies in wide area of sympatry (full extent of which not yet clear). Described race kolymensis (E Siberia) merged with nominate and taczanowskii (L Baikal area and C Mongolia E to Ussuriland) with ijimae, but both possibly distinguishable; proposed taxon dolgushini (from SE Kazakhstan) is synonym of innominata. North American populations sometimes co.. View all taxonomy...
Taxonomy: Hirundo riparia Linnaeus, 1758, Europe = Sweden.
Forms a superspecies with R. paludicola, R. congica and R. diluta. Until recently considered conspecific with last, but the two differ in plumage and voice, and occur in separate breeding colonies in wide area of sympatry (full extent of which not yet clear). Described race kolymensis (E Siberia) merged with nominate and taczanowskii (L Baikal area and C Mongolia E to Ussuriland) with ijimae, but both possibly distinguishable; proposed taxon dolgushini (from SE Kazakhstan) is synonym of innominata. North American populations sometimes considered to represent a separate, supposedly smaller, race maximiliani, but differences from Eurasian birds negligible. Five subspecies recognized.
Forms a superspecies with R. paludicola, R. congica and R. diluta. Until recently considered conspecific with last, but the two differ in plumage and voice, and occur in separate breeding colonies in wide area of sympatry (full extent of which not yet clear). Described race kolymensis (E Siberia) merged with nominate and taczanowskii (L Baikal area and C Mongolia E to Ussuriland) with ijimae, but both possibly distinguishable; proposed taxon dolgushini (from SE Kazakhstan) is synonym of innominata. North American populations sometimes considered to represent a separate, supposedly smaller, race maximiliani, but differences from Eurasian birds negligible. Five subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) - North America from W & C Alaska and Canada (N Yukon, NW & SC Mackenzie and N Saskatchewan E to S Labrador and SW Newfoundland) S in USA to C California, W Nevada, Utah, N & C New Mexico, NE Oklahoma, N Alabama, C West Virginia, E Virginia, and casually NW N Carolina and SC South Carolina, also SC Texas and NE Mexico (N Nuevo Léon, N Tamaulipas); Eurasia from Ireland, Britain and N Scandinavia E through Siberia (E to about R Kolyma and Kamchatka), S to N Mediterranean, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, SW Iran and C Asia; has bred locally in NW Africa. Winters South America and Africa.
- innominata Zarudny, 1916 - SE Kazakhstan; may winter in Africa or in SW or S Asia.
- ijimae (Lönnberg, 1908) - L Baikal area and C Mongolia E to Sakhalin, N Japan (Hokkaido) and Kuril Is; reported as breeding also in NE India (Assam), but review required. Winters SE Asia, including Philippines.
- riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) - North America from W & C Alaska and Canada (N Yukon, NW & SC Mackenzie and N Saskatchewan E to S Labrador and SW Newfoundland) S in USA to C California, W Nevada, Utah, N & C New Mexico, NE Oklahoma, N Alabama, C West Virginia, E Virginia, and casually NW N Carolina and SC South Carolina, also SC Texas and NE Mexico (N Nuevo Léon, N Tamaulipas); Eurasia from Ireland, Britain and N Scandinavia E through Siberia (E to about R Kolyma and Kamchatka), S to N Mediterranean, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, SW Iran and C Asia; has bred locally in NW Africa. Winters South America and Africa.
- innominata Zarudny, 1916 - SE Kazakhstan; may winter in Africa or in SW or S Asia.
- ijimae (Lönnberg, 1908) - L Baikal area and C Mongolia E to Sakhalin, N Japan (Hokkaido) and Kuril Is; reported as breeding also in NE India (Assam), but review required. Winters SE Asia, including Philippines.
- shelleyi (Sharpe, 1885) - Egypt (Nile Valley); winters S to Sudan and Eritrea.
- eilata Shirihai & Colston, 1992 - breeding range not known; recorded on passage in Israel.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
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Two juveniles perched, interacting Locality Wedeler Marsh-the Carl Zeiss Bird Station, Hamburg, Germany (ssp riparia)
Josep del Hoyo 15 August 2006 6 years ago 24 sec 4.8 -
Two birds perched, preening Locality Wedeler Marsh-the Carl Zeiss Bird Station, Hamburg, Germany (ssp riparia)
Josep del Hoyo 15 August 2006 6 years ago 37 sec 4.7 -
An IR image of an adult bird ejecting a juvenile (probably, from a previous brood) from the nest hole Locality Dumfries and Galloway Council, Scotland, Great Britain (ssp riparia)
Edward Cowley 1 July 2007 5 years ago 31 sec 4.6 -
Two birds beside nest entrance, then one flying away and the other entering the nest Locality Villafranca de Ebro, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain (ssp riparia)
Jesús Laborda 4 May 2006 6 years ago 14 sec 4.4 -
Two birds, then three, preening and flying away simultaneously Locality Wedeler Marsh-the Carl Zeiss Bird Station, Hamburg, Germany (ssp riparia)
Josep del Hoyo 15 August 2006 6 years ago 33 sec 4.3 -
An adult perched besides a Barn Swallow, both preening Locality Wedeler Marsh-the Carl Zeiss Bird Station, Hamburg, Germany (ssp riparia)
Josep del Hoyo 15 August 2006 6 years ago 41 sec 4.3
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in flight
Locality Salt Ponds Km 20, Eilat, Israel (ssp riparia)
Lior Kislev 28 April 2012 1 year ago 4.6 -
A pair of youngs waiting for parents at nest hole
Locality Lisbon Region, Portugal (ssp riparia)
Jose Viana 26 May 2009 3 years ago 4.6 -
resting on a branch
Locality Zagreb County, Croatia (ssp riparia)
spiljar 8 May 2012 25 weeks ago 4.5 -
A group of birds perched on an electric wires.
Locality Korgalzhyn State Nature Reserve, Akmola Province, Kazakhstan (ssp riparia)
Hanne and Jens Eriksen 41 weeks ago 4.3 -
a bird on a branch
Locality Enisala, Tulcea County, Romania
lankhorst 7 May 2010 1 year ago 4.3 -
on the ground
Locality Eilat, Israel
Lior Kislev 2 May 2008 1 year ago 4.2
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Calls in flight. Locality Essonne, Île-de-France, France
(ssp riparia)
Julien Rochefort 5 July 2007 3 years ago 4
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