Waxwings (Bombycillidae)

Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) - HBW 10, p. 316

French: Jaseur boréal German: Seidenschwanz Spanish: Ampelis Europeo
Other common names: Waxwing, Greater/Common Waxwing

Taxonomy: Lanius Garrulus Linnaeus, 1758, Sweden.
Appears to be most closely related to B. japonica. Geographical variation involves only minor plumage differences; individuals from E part of range of centralasiae often as dark as nominate. Three subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution:

garrulus (Linnaeus, 1758) - breeds N Sweden, far N Norway, N Finland and N Russia (S of tree-line) E to approximately Ural Mts; non-breeding S to Poland, the Balkans, Ukraine, irregularly farther S.
centralasiae Poliakov, 1915 - breeds C & E Russia S of tree-line from approximately Ural Mts E to Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka, S to Altai Mts, L Baikal and lower Amur Valley; non-breeding S to Kazakhstan, N China and Japan, rarely to N Indian Subcontinent, S China and Taiwan.
pallidiceps Reichenow, 1908 - breeds NW & NC North America; non-breeding E to SE Canada (Newfoundland) and S to C & NE USA, irregularly farther S.